My visa stamp in my passport is from my last employer, Company A, and is valid until 18 September 2019. My I-797A from my current company, Company B, is valid until 14 November 2020. I am traveling overseas shortly; will I need to carry any documents other than my passport and the I-797A to re-enter the US?
Your recent pay stubs from company B and an employment verification letter from company b should be enough to be safe.
Yep. These extra docs should be fine.