Skills learned in “high finance”

“High finance” (PE/VC/HF) is notoriously cliquey and most people come from similar H/S/W and IB backgrounds, making it hard for outsiders to break into the industry. Setting these signaling factors aside, what are the actual skills a senior associate/VP+ learns in the process of going through this pipeline? Would it be possible to teach those skills to someone outside the industry so that they (at least in theory) could also be an effective VP?

For instance, how much of being good at the job is analysis (which seems teachable) vs. learning the art of ass-kissing or politics or having a large network or writing and speaking well? People in the industry are smart — where does that intelligence mostly get used?

My frame of reference is SWEs in tech, who can much more accessibly learn the skills of a senior engineer by just reading some textbooks and working on a bunch of open source projects (I’m a SWE myself).